Circular economy through integrated industrial ecology: Innovations in resource recovery and process re-design.

ABSTRACT: Industrial ecology provides systems-thinking for re-designing industrial processes with greater resource efficiency, waste reduction, and circularity. This review discusses future directions in process re-design and holistic metrics for resource recovery across key industries such as agriculture, aquaculture, desalination, mining, textiles, pulp and paper, and food processing. Emphasis is placed on the integration of life cycle assessment (LCA), molecular economy concepts, and cascading material cycles for closed-loop system design. Technologies such as anaerobic co-digestion, microbial electrochemical systems, catalytic conversion, and membrane-based separation demonstrate potential for 20-50 % increases in biogas yields60-90 % recovery of nutrients, and up to 40 % reductions in separatio

SUBMITTER: Geetha R 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12639295 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature