Exploring sex-specific risk factors in cognitive decline: Insights into modifiable and non-modifiable determinants using a network analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Background

How sex-specific risk factors for dementia interact remains understudied. Network analysis provides a novel approach to examine these relationships, offering insights into sex-specific risk factor connectivity in healthy controls (HCs) and individuals with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease (cognitive decline [CD]).

Methods

A network analysis of 896 participants examined associations among modifiable, non-modifiable, and cognitive risk factors. Network invariance and global strength tests assessed structural and connectivity differences.

Results

In males, network invariance differed between HC and CD groups, but connectivity was unchanged. In females, network invariance and connectivity were significantly altered, with HC females exhibiting st

SUBMITTER: Intzandt B 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12639403 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature