Development and validation of the embodied cognition scale for Chinese university students.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Embodied cognition theory emphasizes that cognition is grounded in bodily movement, perception, and interaction with the environment rather than being purely symbolic or abstract. However, most existing embodied cognition measures are Western-based and lack cultural adaptability. This study aimed to develop and validate the Embodied Cognition Scale (ECS) tailored for Chinese university students, integrating both psychological and cultural dimensions of body-mind unity.

Methods

A mixed-method design was employed across three sequential phases: (1) qualitative exploration with 27 students and 8 teachers to identify embodied cognition patterns; (2) exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and item refinement with 465 participants; and (3) national validation with 918 part

SUBMITTER: Zheng Z 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12640806 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature