Mortality Fractions Attributable to Smoking and Smokeless and Mixed Tobacco Use Among Men and Women Across India, 1998-2021.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Evidence on the mortality burden of tobacco use remains fragmented for low- and middle-income countries like India, and does not fully use Indian-specific datasets. We estimated mortality fractions attributable to different tobacco types (smoked, smokeless, and mixed tobacco use) for India by sex and state-and-union territories over time.

Aims and methods

We applied a direct prevalence approach to estimate mortality fractions attributable to tobacco types among men (35-54 years) and women (35-49 years) over time across 36 Indian states. We used national- and state-level prevalence estimates from the National Family Health Survey (1998-1999, 2005-2006, 2015-2016, and 2019-2021) and estimated Indian-specific relative risks (RRs) of all-cause mortality by tobacco t

SUBMITTER: Shaikh R 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12641177 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature