AP-1 Is an Initial Convergent Transcriptional Response in Lymphatic Endothelium to VEGF-C or TNFα.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

The lymphatic vasculature plays a central role in resolving inflammation by draining interstitial fluid, immune cells, and inflammatory mediators. While vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) is a well-established driver of lymphangiogenesis, the effects of chronic pro-inflammatory cytokines on lymphatic remodeling remain incompletely defined.

Methods

Here, we investigated how tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) compares with VEGF-C in regulating lymphatic endothelial structure and function using human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLECs).

Results

In tube formation and spheroid sprouting assays, both VEGF-C and TNFα supported early lymphangiogenic events, promoting robust sprouting and network development within 24 h. However, when pre-formed mi

SUBMITTER: Kreft EA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12641241 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature