Sustainable valorisation of wastewater sludge into activated carbon for permanganate adsorption and reuse in supercapacitors.

ABSTRACT: Wastewater sludge from treatment processes was valorised into activated carbon via carbonisation, followed by chemical activation using orthophosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) and tagged H-WSAC. The H-WSAC was employed as an adsorbent in the removal of permanganate ions (MnO₄ ^-) from water, achieving a maximum adsorption capacity of 78.36 mg g^-1 at an initial concentration of 100 mg L^-1. Adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model (R ² = 0.9754), indicating chemisorption, and equilibrium data fitted the Langmuir isotherm (R ² = 0.974), suggesting monolayer adsorption. The physicochemical properties of pristine (H-WSAC) and spent (Mn-WSAC) adsorbents were characterised by Fourier-t

SUBMITTER: Bello MO 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12641499 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature