Quantifying Time-Dependent Predictors for the International Spatial Spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5NX: Focus on Trade and Surveillance Efforts.

ABSTRACT: The multiple waves of intercontinental transmission of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5Nx Gs/GD lineage since its identification in 1996 are testament to its resistance to control and prevention efforts. Knowledge of the predictors of HPAI international spread can help identify strengths as well as areas for improvement in surveillance and controlling HPAI. We used 10 years of data with quarterly granularity from the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH), United Nations (UN), International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and genetic databases for 2.3.2.1c and 2.3.4.4b H5Nx clades, to determine the impact on international viral spread of (1) six categories of poultry commodities of legal international trade, (2) wild birds' migration, (3) five types of preventi

SUBMITTER: Awada L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12643678 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature