Peanut allergy oral immunotherapy drives single-cell multi-omic changes in peanut-reactive T cells associated with sustained unresponsiveness.

ABSTRACT: Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is the only U.S. Food and Drud Administration-approved treatment for peanut allergy. Peanut-reactive (pr) CD4⁺ T cells are pivotal in peanut allergy pathogenesis and OIT-induced desensitization. However, the underlying pr CD4⁺ T cell immune mechanisms leading to sustained unresponsiveness after OIT discontinuation are largely unknown. We analyzed single-cell RNA and protein immunophenotypes and T cell receptor repertoires of pr CD4⁺ T cells from a phase 2 peanut OIT trial cohort. We identified increased cytotoxicity-related phenotypes and type 1 helper cytotoxic T lymphocyte-like cell clonal expansion during OIT, while type 2 helper T (T_H2) cell-related phenotypes and T_H2-like cell clonal expansion decreased. O

SUBMITTER: Han X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12643924 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature