Direct and Vicarious Experiences of COVID-19-Related Racism Across Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

Due to stigmatization associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, certain groups were believed to be the cause of COVID-19 and thus experienced COVID-19-related racism through direct interpersonal and vicarious experiences. This study used quantitative and qualitative responses to examine whether the prevalence of experiencing these types of racism varied across racial and ethnic groups.

Study design

This cross-sectional study included 5,480 participants in the REACH-US (Race-Related Experiences Associated with COVID-19 and Health in the United States) study, which is a nationally representative survey administered to 5,500 U.S. adults from January 26, 2021-March 3, 2021.

Methods

COVID-19-related racism was measured using single items about whether participants:

SUBMITTER: Cho YJ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12644215 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature