Miniaturized Wireless tDCS With Concentric Electrodes for Targeted Cortical Stimulation in Freely Moving Mice.

ABSTRACT: Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) emerges as a promising non-invasive technique for modulating brain activity. However, conventional systems remain limited in behavioral neuroscience due to low spatial resolution and reliance on tethered setups. Here, a miniaturized, fully wireless tDCS system is presented that employs concentric electrodes (CEs) to enable focal cortical stimulation in freely moving mice. Electric field simulations confirm that the CE design more effectively restricts current spread compared to conventional electrode configurations. The CEs, fabricated using a flexible printed circuit board process, conform to the curvature of the mouse skull, ensuring stable contact and precise stimulation. The wireless system weighs 2.64 g and integrates a boost converter ca

SUBMITTER: Kim M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12645079 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature