Bidirectional Associations Between Tinnitus Subtypes and Psychiatric Conditions.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

To evaluate the temporal and bidirectional relationships between tinnitus subtypes-pulsatile tinnitus (PT) and non-pulsatile tinnitus (NPT)-and psychiatric conditions, specifically generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depression (MD).

Methods

This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the TriNetX Research Network, including over 140 million patients. Patients were categorized based on ICD-10 codes for PT, NPT, GAD, and MD. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to control for demographic and clinical confounders. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to ascertain the statistical significance of temporal associations between tinnitus subtypes and psychiatric conditions.

Results

SUBMITTER: Karasik D 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12645359 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature