The association between parental postpartum depression and offspring autism spectrum disorder.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

Postpartum depression (PPD) reportedly affects up to 20% of new mothers. While parental psychiatric history has been associated with an increased likelihood of neurodevelopmental conditions in the offspring, only a few studies of clinically diagnosed PPD exist exploring associated autism spectrum disorder (ASD) outcomes and no study to date has explored the contributions of paternal PPD with ASD risk or the combined influence.

Methods

A nationwide prospective cohort of all live births in Sweden from 1997 through 2021, followed up through December 31, 2022. Associations between parental PPD and ASD were quantified by hazard ratios and two-sided 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from Cox regressions.

Results

Among 1,781,349 live-births, ASD was diagnosed in 986 (

SUBMITTER: Yin W 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12645387 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature