Investigation of the impact of brewing parameters on toxic element and rare earth element contamination in oolong tea.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

With the growing consumption of oolong tea, concerns regarding the leaching of toxic elements and rare earth elements (REEs) during brewing necessitate investigation.

Methods

We analyzed 108 oolong teas of diverse origins and varieties. The concentrations of six toxic elements (including Pb, Cd, Al) and fifteen REEs were measured by ICP-MS. The effects of water temperature (90°C, 100°C) and brewing time (5 seconds to 2 hours) on leaching rates were systematically examined.

Results

High temperature and long brewing time significantly increased (P<0.05) the leaching of most elements. Tieguanyin tea contained the highest levels of Pb, Al, and REEs. Samples from Fujian province significantly exceeded safety standards for Pb and Al. Anomalously, the lea

SUBMITTER: Wu S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12646019 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature