Examining the Compositional Selectivity of Hydrocarbon Oxidation Products Using Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Solid-Phase Extraction Techniques.

ABSTRACT: The effect of extraction methods on detecting hydrocarbon oxidation products (HOPs) in groundwater remains unclear. HOPs are polar, water-soluble byproducts of petroleum biodegradation. Our previous work showed that liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), a method commonly used in regulatory monitoring, has a significantly lower extraction efficiency for HOPs compared to solid-phase extraction (SPE). In this study, we evaluate the analytical limitations and compositional selectivity of LLE and SPE using groundwater samples from the Bemidji, MN, crude oil spill site. Optical properties were characterized using excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy (EEMs), and a three-component PARAFAC model was validated, showing consistent trends across both extracts and whole water samples. Ultrahigh-resolution

SUBMITTER: Zito P 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12646497 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature