Intranasal insulin and postoperative delirium in adult surgical patients: a meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

The efficacy and safety of intranasal insulin (INI) for preventing postoperative delirium (POD) remain uncertain.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, and registers from inception to July 1, 2025, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) enrolling adult surgical patients that compared INI with control (saline) investigating the efficacy of INI for POD prevention. The risk of bias was assessed using the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (RoB 2), and the certainty of evidence was evaluated with the GRADE framework. Primary and secondary outcomes were POD incidence and a comprehensive set of secondary measures (including cognitive scores, hypoglycemia rates, pain scores, and inflammatory markers), respectively.

Results

A meta

SUBMITTER: Zhang LC 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12647034 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature