Endoscopic Anatomy of the Breast Fascia System: Peripheral-to-Central Approach.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Under the magnification and gasification effects of the endoscope, the breast fascia and ligaments can be clearly identified. However, the anatomical theory of the breast fascia system under endoscopy is rare.

Methods

The fascia system of the breast was studied in 165 breasts from 120 patients with endoscopic mastectomy (endoscopy-assisted or robot-assisted procedures in 108 and 12 patients, respectively) and 127 breasts from 64 patients with reduction mammaplasty.

Results

The superficial fascia and ligaments were visualized stereoscopically and clearly under the endoscope. By repeatedly observing the endoscopic videos of 120 patients, we found that the percentage of the medial suspensory ligament and lateral suspensory ligament were 60% and 76.3%, respecti

SUBMITTER: Liu Q 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12647528 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature