Mito-Genipin, a Novel Mitochondria-Targeted Genipin Derivative Modulates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Macrophages.

ABSTRACT: Genipin, a natural compound derived from Gardenia jasminoides, is widely used as an inhibitor of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), a protein located in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) that plays a crucial role in regulating oxidative stress and cellular metabolism. Pharmacological inhibition of UCP2 has been explored as a strategy to modulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory responses. However, the utility of genipin is limited by its relatively low bioavailability and dose-dependent toxicity. To address these limitations, we developed mito-genipin, a mitochondria-targeted genipin derivative incorporating a triphenylphosphonium (TPP⁺) moiety, designed to enhance mitochondrial accumulation and thereby increase efficacy. In macrophages, mito-genipin induced

SUBMITTER: Angi B 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12649598 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature