Structural and Functional Characterization of the Vacuolar-Type Na⁺, K⁺/H⁺ Antiporter NHX1 from Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.).

ABSTRACT: Plant vacuolar-type Na⁺, K⁺/H⁺ antiporters (NHXs) play important roles in pH and K⁺ homeostasis and osmotic balance under normal physiological conditions. Under salt stress, vacuolar-type NHX enhances salt tolerance by compartmentalizing Na⁺ into vacuoles. However, the ion transport mechanism of vacuolar-type NHX remains poorly understood due to the absence of resolved protein crystal structures. To investigate the ion transport mechanism for vacuolar-type NHX, the three-dimensional structure of rice vacuolar-type NHX1 (OsNHX1) was established through homology modeling and AlphaFold3.0. The OsNHX1 model contains thirteen transmembrane segments according to hydrophobic characteristics and empirical and phylogenetic data. Furthermore, th

SUBMITTER: Cao B 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12649843 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature