Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance and Microbial Contamination in Commercial Veterinary Probiotic Products.

ABSTRACT: Probiotics are widely used as feed additives in livestock production, yet the overall safety of commercially available veterinary probiotics remains insufficiently assessed. In this study, 33 probiotic products marketed in Northern China were systematically evaluated with respect to strain composition, label accuracy, antimicrobial resistance, and the diversity of resistance genes. A total of 32 Bacillus spp. were isolated, many of which showed resistance to multiple antibiotics. Labeling inaccuracies were prevalent: none of the products specified strain names and numbers, 33% (11/33) failed to report viable bacterial counts, 9% (3/33) lacked their claimed key ingredients, and 21% (7/33) contained isolated strains that did not match the label. High-throughput quantitative PCR (HT-qP

SUBMITTER: Guan S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12649896 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature