Lactobacilli-Derived Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns (MAMPs) in Host Immune Modulation.

ABSTRACT: Although traditionally sidelined by live probiotic effects, Lactobacilli-derived Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns (MAMPs) are emerging as potent modulators of innate and adaptive immune responses, capable of acting independently of bacterial viability. However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. These MAMPs, such as peptidoglycan (PGN), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and exopolysaccharides (EPSs), interact with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) like Toll-like receptors (TLRs), initiating immune-signaling cascades that regulate cytokine production and inflammation. Lactobacilli-derived MAMPs exhibit dual immunomodulatory effects: they can enhance pro-inflammatory responses, e.g., interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) under inflammator

SUBMITTER: Furnari S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12650587 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature