The Polish Version of the Parental Assistance with Child Emotion Regulation (PACER) Questionnaire: Preliminary Psychometric Properties and Links with Parental Burnout, Mental Health Outcomes, and Emotion Beliefs.

ABSTRACT: Background/Objectives: This study presents a brief report on the preliminary psychometric properties of a first Polish version of the Parental Assistance with Child Emotion Regulation (PACER) Questionnaire. The PACER measures ten emotion regulation (ER) strategies parents use to assist their children in their ER. We aimed to examine PACER's internal consistency reliability, convergent, divergent and discriminant validity. Methods: The sample included 74 Polish-speaking parents aged from 27 to 50, recruited in 2025. Along with the PACER, we used a robust set of psychometric tools for measuring parental burnout, anxiety and depression symptoms, somatic complaints, well-being, and beliefs about emotions. Results: All PACER subscale scores demonstrated good-to-excellent in

SUBMITTER: Larionow P 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12651210 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature