Effects of Navigated rTMS on Post-Stroke Upper-Limb Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

ABSTRACT: Objectives: Neuronavigation may improve the precision and reproducibility of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) by aligning stimulation with individualized targets. Whether navigation-guided rTMS benefits post-stroke upper-limb recovery is unclear. We conducted a PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the effect of navigated rTMS, added to standard rehabilitation, versus sham. Methods: The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251165052). Two reviewers independently searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Google Scholar (October 2025), screened records, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias (Cochrane RoB-1). The prespecified primary endpoint was changed in Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the upper extremity (

SUBMITTER: Shim J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12651946 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature