Engineering Rare Earth-Assisted Cobalt Oxide Gels Toward Superior Energy Storage in Asymmetric Supercapacitors.

ABSTRACT: The rational design of transition metal oxides with tailored electronic structures and defect chemistries is critical for advancing high-performance supercapacitors. Herein, we report the engineering of cobalt oxide (Co₃O₄) gels through controlled sol-gel synthesis and rare earth (RE) incorporation using neodymium (Nd), gadolinium (Gd), and dual neodymium/gadolinium (Nd/Gd) doping. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the preservation of the cubic spinel structure with systematic peak shifts and broadening, evidencing lattice strain, oxygen vacancy generation, and defect enrichment. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analyses revealed distinct morphological evolution from compact nanoparticle assemblies in pristine Co₃O₄ to highly

SUBMITTER: Morankar PJ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12651972 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature