A 3D-Printed PMMA Microneedle-Based TSA-ELISA Platform for Noninvasive Inflammatory Biomarker Detection.

ABSTRACT: Inflammatory cytokines and proteins are essential indicators of immune status and disease progression; however, conventional assays rely on invasive sampling and complex processing, restricting their use in real-time monitoring. Here, we present a 3D-printed poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microneedle-based biosensing platform integrated with a tyramide signal amplification-enhanced enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TSA-ELISA) for noninvasive and highly sensitive detection of inflammatory biomarkers in interstitial fluid. The microneedles exhibit precise geometry, adequate mechanical strength, and excellent biocompatibility, facilitating efficient skin penetration and biomarker capture. Stepwise chemical functionalization ensured stable antibody immobilization, while TSA significantly am

SUBMITTER: Xu M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12654171 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature