Ternary Organic Photovoltaics at a Turning Point: Mechanistic Perspectives on Their Constraints.

ABSTRACT: Ternary organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are considered as the next step beyond binary systems, aiming to achieve synergistic improvements in absorption, energetic alignment, and charge transport. However, despite their conceptual appeal, most ternary blends do not outperform binary counterparts, particularly under indoor illumination where photon flux and carrier dynamics impose strict limitations. To comprehensively understand this discrepancy, multiple ternary systems were systematically examined to ensure that the observed behaviors are representative rather than case specific. In this study, we systematically investigate this discrepancy by comparing representative donor-donor-acceptor (D-D-A) and donor-acceptor-acceptor (D-A-A) systems under both AM 1.5G and TL84 lighting. In all cases,

SUBMITTER: Cha HC 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12655043 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature