Defining Low Milk Supply: A Data-Driven Diagnostic Framework and Risk Factor Analysis for Breastfeeding Women.

ABSTRACT: Background: Current low milk supply (LMS) definitions use subjective maternal perceptions or arbitrary thresholds for 24 h milk production (MP), potentially misclassifying cases. This study aimed to re-evaluate the definition of LMS using data-driven approaches and investigate associated maternal risk factors. Methods: Lactating mothers 4-26 weeks postpartum (n = 460) provided demographic, obstetric, and infant data and measured 24 h MP and infant milk intake using the test-weighing method. Infant growth was calculated as their weight-for-age z-score. Latent profile analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and multinomial logistic regression were used for classification, diagnostic evaluation, and risk factor assessment for LMS. Results: Four milk su

SUBMITTER: Jin X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12655712 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature