Seasonal Variations in Training Load, Sleep Parameters, and Hormonal Markers in Collegiate Male Rowers During the Off-Season.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Adequate sleep is essential for recovery and performance in athletes. Internal and external training loads closely relate to sleep, but few studies have examined their distinct off-season effects. This study investigated the relationships among training load, hormonal markers, and sleep parameters in collegiate male rowers.

Methods

Eleven rowers were monitored over 4 months (October 2022-January 2023). Internal load was assessed via session ratings of perceived exertion, external load by accelerometry-based indicators, sleep variables by actigraphy and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and hormonal status via salivary cortisol and testosterone. Repeated-measures analysis of variance and correlation and regression analyses were applied.

Results

Training lo

SUBMITTER: Iguchi J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12655987 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature