Brevetoxin Dynamics and Bioavailability from Floc Following PAC-Modified Clay Treatment of <i>Karenia brevis</i> Blooms.

ABSTRACT: Harmful algal blooms (HABs) caused by the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis present serious ecological and public health concerns due to the production of brevetoxins (BTX). Clay flocculation and sedimentation of cells, particularly with polyaluminum chloride (PAC)-modified clays, is a promising HAB mitigation approach. This study evaluated the efficacy of Modified Clay-II (MCII), a PAC-modified kaolinite clay, in reducing K. brevis cell abundance in mesocosm experiments and examined the bioavailability of BTX potentially released from settled floc back into the water column and sediment over the first 72 h after treatment. Additionally, we quantified trace metals in benthic clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) exposed to the floc post-treatment to assess metal accumulation and p

SUBMITTER: Ohnikian NR 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12656167 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature