Furosemide and the Symptom Burden: The Potential Mediating Role of Uremic Toxins in Patients with CKD.

ABSTRACT: Furosemide appears to contribute to the accumulation of protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) and to induce adverse drug reactions. We investigated the extent to which the association between the furosemide dose and serum PBUT concentrations mediates the relationship between the furosemide dose and the symptom burden in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This cross-sectional analysis included patients with CKD stages 2 to 5 from the CKD-REIN cohort and with data on the baseline serum concentrations of the free fractions of indoxyl sulphate (IS), kynurenine (KYN), p-cresyl sulphate (PCS), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), as measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The symptom burden was also assessed with a modified (8-item) symptom subscale from the Kidney Disease

SUBMITTER: Costes-Albrespic M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12656462 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature