Spermidine-encapsulated chondroitin sulfate methacryloyl hydrogel delivery system for remodeling bone homeostasis in rheumatoid arthritis.

ABSTRACT: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by persistent synovial inflammation, progressive cartilage degradation, and osteoclast-mediated bone erosion. While current systemic therapies alleviate inflammation, they often fail to prevent structural joint damage or promote local tissue regeneration. Herein, we developed a chondroitin sulfate methacryloyl (ChSMA) hydrogel-based delivery system encapsulating spermidine (SPD), a naturally occurring polyamine with emerging anti-inflammatory, senescence-attenuating, and chondroprotective properties, to achieve localized and sustained treatment of RA-related joint destruction. Using an RA-mimicking co-culture model comprising RA patient-derived synovial organoids and chondrocytes, we demonstrated that ChSMA@SPD effect

SUBMITTER: Wang X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12657326 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature