Flexoelectricity-driven giant polarization in (Bi, Na)TiO₃-based ferroelectric thin films.

ABSTRACT: This study demonstrates the use of oxygen vacancy-induced planar defects to significantly enhance electrical polarization through a local flexoelectric effect. By introducing an appropriate level of aliovalent dopants, numerous local planar defects are induced in (Bi_0.5, Na_0.5)TiO₃-based thin films. These defects, identified as oxygen-deficient structures through direct visualization of oxygen atoms and oxygen vacancies using integrated differential phase-contrast microscopy, result in the formation of head-to-head domain structures. Geometric phase analysis confirms that these structures exhibit a substantial local strain gradient of up to 10⁹m^-1, contributing significantly to the flexoelectric polarization. Consequently, a giant max

SUBMITTER: Sun Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12658055 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature