Chromogranin A and catestatin regulate pancreatic islet homeostasis, endocrine function, and neurotransmitter signaling.

ABSTRACT: Chromogranin A (CgA), a neuroendocrine pro-hormone, is proteolytically cleaved into bioactive peptides, most notably catestatin (CST) and pancreastatin (PST), which exert opposing effects on metabolic and inflammatory processes. Using CgA- and CST knockout (KO) mice, we investigated the roles of these peptides in pancreatic endocrine function, morphology, neurotransmitter dynamics, and systemic glucose homeostasis. CST-KO mice displayed impaired insulin secretion in vivo (but not ex vivo), disrupted islet architecture, and elevated catecholamine levels. In contrast, CgA-KO mice, which lack both CST and PST, exhibited reduced beta-cell mass but improved insulin sensitivity due to absence of PST. Peptide supplementation experiments in CgA-KO mice revealed that CST suppressed gluconeogenesis

SUBMITTER: Muntjewerff EM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12658243 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature