Accounting for human-nature linkages in area-based conservation monitoring through social-ecological indicator bundles.

ABSTRACT: As the coverage of area-based conservation increases across the globe, it is critical to improve understanding of the social and ecological outcomes of such measures and the pathways to their outcomes. A social-ecological systems approach to monitoring and evaluation is increasingly advocated; yet, applications remain scarce. We sought to facilitate operationalization of this approach through prioritization of indicators when resources are scarce and to improve capture of social-ecological interactions. We convened a working group of practitioners and academics to explore linked social and ecological interactions through a case study of marine protected areas (MPAs). We used causal models (implemented through causal loop diagrams) in participatory and future-oriented approaches to identify

SUBMITTER: Ban NC 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12658953 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature