Immunosuppressants rewire the gut microbiome-alloimmune axis through time-dependent and tissue-specific mechanisms.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Lifelong immunosuppressive therapy is required to prevent allograft rejection in organ transplantation. Current immunosuppressants effectively suppress adaptive and innate immune responses, but their broad, antigen-non-specific effects often result in severe off-target complications. It remains a significant unmet medical need in transplant medicine.

Results

In this study we investigated immunosuppressant effects of four major immunosuppressant classes, including tacrolimus, prednisone, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and fingolimod (FTY), on the gut microbiome, metabolic pathways, lymphoid architecture and lymphocyte trafficking after up to 30-day chronic exposure. Despite their distinct mechanisms of action and not designed to target the gut, all immunosuppressive

SUBMITTER: Wu L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12659221 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature