Measurement of three-dimensional facial changes after orthodontic extraction: a retrospective longitudinal study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

This study aimed to assess the three-dimensional facial morphological changes and acquire quantitative relationship between facial landmarks and zygion point to analyze the overall facial soft tissue impact of extraction and non-extraction orthodontic treatment.

Methods

A total of 21 extraction (19.5 ± 9.2 years) and 21 non-extraction (26.2 ± 9.1 years) versus consecutive patients were enrolled. The pretreatment and posttreatment 3D facial scans were captured using the FaceSCAN3D optical system. After establishing the coordinate system and manually placing landmark, fourteen linear and twelve angular measurements were obtained. Additionally, sixteen projection distances between landmarks and the Zygion point were measured. Color-coded displacement maps were conduc

SUBMITTER: Wu W 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12659569 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature