One-step, efficient and sustainable microwave-assisted biodiesel production using a sulfonated porous organic polymer catalyst.

ABSTRACT: The transition toward renewable fuels requires robust, recyclable, and eco-friendly catalysts for biodiesel synthesis. Here, we reported the synthesis process of a sulfonated covalent triazine framework-based porous organic polymer (CTF-POP-SO₃H) and the microwave-assisted esterification of oleic acid with methanol using a heterogeneous CTF-POP-SO₃H catalyst. The catalyst exhibited a high biodiesel conversion of 96.61% under optimized conditions (methanol-to-oil ratio, 20 : 1; catalyst loading, 8 wt%; reaction time, 50 min; temperature, 100 °C) with product formation confirmed by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and GC analyses. Comprehensive characterization of the catalyst was conducted using FTIR, BET, TGA, XRD, XPS, and SEM-EDX-MAPPING. The presence of acidi

SUBMITTER: Kaushik B 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12659726 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature