Effect of electronic cigarettes on the change of Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence scores during 1-year follow-up.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The use of e-cigarettes is increasing globally, particularly among young adults. Although several use them to quit smoking, their effects are controversial. The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) was used to assess nicotine dependence in the smoking cessation process. This study examined changes in FTND scores among young adults using different types of cigarettes over a 1-year period.

Methods

Prospective cohort data were collected from cigarette users at higher education institutions in the lower northern region of Thailand to analyze changes in FTND scores over a 1-year period. E-cigarette users and combined users were compared with conventional cigarette users. A marginal structural model (MSM) with an inverse probability of weighting (IPW) was used

SUBMITTER: Meelarp S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12661193 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature