Global trends and inequalities in hypertensive and ischemic heart disease attributable to high body mass index: A systematic analysis from 1990 to 2021 with projections to 2035.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Hypertensive heart disease (HHD) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) are major global burdens. High body mass index (BMI) is a key modifiable risk factor, but the global burden, trends, and inequalities of HHD and IHD attributable to high BMI remain poorly defined.

Methods

We analyzed Global Burden of Disease data from 1990 to 2021 across 204 countries, estimating age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs), disability-adjusted life-year rates (ASDRs), and annual average percentage changes (AAPCs). Additional analyses included age- and sex-specific distributions, socio-demographic index (SDI) patterns, frontier and decomposition analyses, inequality metrics, and projections to 2035 using Bayesian age-period-cohort and ARIMA models.

Results

From 1990 to 2021, glob

SUBMITTER: Liu X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12661457 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature