Leveraging large language models to extract smoking history from clinical notes for lung cancer surveillance.

ABSTRACT: Accurate smoking documentation in electronic health records (EHRs) is crucial for risk assessment and patient monitoring. However, key information is often missing or inaccurately recorded. Large language models (LLMs) present a promising solution for interpreting clinical narratives to extract comprehensive smoking data. We developed a framework utilizing LLMs combined with rule-based longitudinal smoothing techniques to enhance data quality. We compared generative LLMs (Gemini-1.5-Flash, PaLM-2-Text-Bison, GPT-4) against BERT-based models using 1683 manually annotated clinical notes from 518 patients across Stanford and Sutter Health systems. Generative LLMs achieved superior performance ( > 96% accuracy) across seven smoking variables, with external validation showing robust generalizab

SUBMITTER: Luo I 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12663133 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature