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ABSTRACT: Background
A healthy lifestyle is crucial in mitigating cardiovascular disease risk. Numerous tools for cardiovascular risk behaviors have been developed that people can use for self-assessment purposes. However, the validity of these tools is insufficiently understood in the context of self-assessment. This systematic review examines the validity of self-assessment tools for cardiovascular risk behaviors, including lack of physical activity (PA), tobacco smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, and chronic psychological stress.Methods
The PubMed, Ovid Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched. Studies investigating the validity of tools in the context of self-assessment (i.e., without active involvement of a healthcare professional) were inclu
SUBMITTER: Goevaerts WF
PROVIDER: S-EPMC12663659 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature