Bone morphogenetic protein, platelet-rich plasma, and bone marrow aspiration concentrate in the treatment of bone delayed union or nonunion: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The clinical treatment of delayed healing/nonunion of bones is challenging, and traditional surgery combined with autologous cancellous bone (ACB) grafting has limitations, including donor site complications and poor functional prognosis. This network meta-analysis (NMA) aims to compare the efficacy and safety of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) in the treatment of delayed union or nonunion.

Methods

Search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases up to July 1, 2025. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the treatment of adult bone delayed healing/nonunion with PRP, BMP, or BMAC were included. The primary outcomes included healing time, heali

SUBMITTER: Wang X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12664161 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature