Microbiome-mediated crosstalk between T2DM and MASLD: a translational review focused on function.

ABSTRACT: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) frequently co-occur and aggravate one another through shared pathways of insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation and disordered lipid handling. Framing their interaction through the gut-liver-pancreas axis, this review synthesizes recent progress with a function-first emphasis, moving beyond taxonomic lists to the microbial outputs most consistently linked to dual metabolic-hepatic endpoints. We summarize how short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and other microbe-associated molecular patterns, branched-chain amino-acid (BCAA) catabolites, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and endogenous ethanol reach the liver via portal inflow or the enterohepatic BA c

SUBMITTER: Jing M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12665569 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature