Second-event endpoints (EFS2, PRFS2 and PFS2) after anti-PD-(L)1-based RCTs: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), particularly anti-PD-(L)1s, have transformed cancer care by their extended efficacy, even receiving next-line. Event-free survival 2 (EFS2), progression/recurrence-free survival 2 (PRFS2) and progression-free survival 2 (PFS2) capture the time from randomization to objective recurrence/progression or death on the first subsequent therapy, potentially offering a more accurate measure of durable benefit than first-event endpoints. Our aim is to review the magnitude of this benefit and evaluate long-term endpoints as surrogates for overall survival (OS) in immunotherapy for solid malignancies.

Methods

A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis searched Web of

SUBMITTER: Jimenez-Labaig P 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12666152 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature