Evolutionary analysis reveals the origin of sodium coupling in glutamate transporters.

ABSTRACT: Secondary active membrane transporters harness the energy of ion gradients to concentrate their substrates. Homologous transporters evolved to couple transport to different ions in response to changing environments and needs. The bases of such diversification and, thus, principles of ion coupling are unexplored. Here, using phylogenetics and ancestral protein reconstruction, we investigated sodium-coupled transport in prokaryotic glutamate transporters, a mechanism ubiquitous across life domains and critical to neurotransmitter recycling in humans by excitatory amino acid transporters from the solute carrier 1 family. By inferring ancestral prokaryotic transporter sequences during a change in the ion-coupling mechanism, we found an evolutionary transition from sodium-dependent to independe

SUBMITTER: Reddy KD 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12668577 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature