Carbon monoxide levels, smoking and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Identifying pregnant smokers is crucial for cessation support and increased fetal surveillance, but some patients may not disclose their smoking. Biochemical markers like breath carbon monoxide (CO) can improve detection, yet the optimal CO threshold for predicting smoking-related risks remains unknown. Our objective was to assess the relationship between smoking, CO levels, and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Material and methods

This retrospective cohort study analyzed 1 year of pregnancies (2023) in Oxford. Birthweight and adverse outcomes, small for gestational age (SGA), preterm birth (PTB), and extended perinatal mortality (EPM) were compared across CO categories and between self-reported smokers and nonsmokers with CO ≤2 and >2 ppm. Statistical analyses inclu

SUBMITTER: Galka K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12668819 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature