Safety and effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with preexisting autoimmune diseases: a systematic review.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are effective in cancer treatment but may trigger immune-related adverse events (irAEs), especially in patients with preexisting autoimmune diseases (ADs). This population is often excluded from trials due to higher risks of flares, higher rates of irAEs, and potential reduced ICI efficacy. This review examines the safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with preexisting autoimmune diseases and explores emerging evidence on potential predictive biomarkers.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review using PubMed/MEDLINE, searching for articles published from 2015 to 2024 in English. The research combined terms for autoimmune diseases, ICIs (anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1/PD-L1), and cancer types, emphasizing

SUBMITTER: Dias Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12669149 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature