The Efficacy and Safety of Beta-blockers and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are now standard for various cancers, and preclinical studies suggest beta-blockers (BBs) may boost the efficacy of ICIs. However, prior clinical studies had small sample sizes, requiring large-scale validation.

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combining BBs with ICIs in patients with solid tumors through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

A systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase was conducted for studies on BBs plus ICIs for solid tumors up to July 2024. Outcomes of interest were overall survival, progression-free survival, and adverse events. Hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals were pooled using a random-effects model meta-analysis, with heterogeneity assessed by I

SUBMITTER: Tokunaga K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12669259 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature