Integrating indoor and outdoor nitrogen dioxide exposures in US homes nationally by ZIP code.

ABSTRACT: Concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) measured outdoors using satellites and ground-level stations across the United States are regularly used to estimate NO₂ exposures and disease burdens. In contrast, exposures attributable to sources of NO₂ indoors are neither systematically monitored nor estimated. Here, to our knowledge we produce the first nationwide, ZIP-code-level estimate of total residential NO₂ exposure that integrates both outdoor sources and the primary indoor source-gas- or propane-burning stoves. To estimate exposure by ZIP code, we combine our measurements of indoor NO₂ emissions and concentrations in more than 15 cities across seven regions with outdoor NO₂ concentrations and comprehensive housing stock d

SUBMITTER: Kashtan Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12670381 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature