Decoding PFAS immunotoxicity: a NAMs-based comparison of short vs. long chains.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent environmental pollutants with potential immunotoxic effects. Most toxicological studies have focused on long-chain PFAS such as perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). However, short-chain and ultra-short-chain alternatives, including trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), are increasingly used despite limited toxicological data.

Methods

This study evaluated and compared the immunotoxic effects of PFAS with varying chain lengths-long-, short-, ultra-short-chain compounds, and fluoropolymer representatives (polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE)-using human-relevant new approach methodologies (NAMs). Two complementary in vitro models were employed. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) fro

SUBMITTER: Iulini M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12672224 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature