Eco-synthesis, process optimisation, and therapeutic assessment of cow urine distillate derived copper nanoparticles.

ABSTRACT: The present research successfully validates a sustainable, straightforward, cost-effective, and non-toxic biosynthesis of biologically active copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using cow urine distillate (CUD), a traditional component of Vedic medicine. The study also investigates the effect of different process variables: reductant concentration, pH, reaction temperature, and reaction time, employing a factorial design approach (Box-Behnken design) on the synthesis of CUD-CuNPs. UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed nanoparticle formation, showing surface plasmon resonance peaks between 269 and 275 nm. Morphological analysis using Transmission Electron Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray demonstrated the formation of spherical nanoparticles. XRD analysis showed a crystal

SUBMITTER: Angle GP 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12673087 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature